Developing country Essay Example for Free

Developing countrified EssayWhy we want to let our knowledge to someone else uncharted to us. Why we want to make our nation into a question mark. Work for our nation work for us let our future generation be a developed nation. We atomic number 18 ranking in a forest place both in economy and in developing. So brain is our so wherefore we want to drainpipe to others. So get into it to work for our nation. Jai hind. Rate this +3 -2The concept of brain drain is of a recent one that has ever powerfully emerged since the last few decades. The phrase brain drain refers to the increasing tendency of the young, energetic, capable and talented youth of a country to migrate to another country in search of their fortune rather better fortune. They forsake their motherland for they seek better opportunities in other countries. This has become a characteristic more of the intelligentsia of the nationthe doctors, engineers, scientists, M.B.As, C.As, lawyers and other professionals. Inv estment in education in a developing country may not lead to faster economic evolution if a large number of its highly educated people leave the country.The United Nations victimization Program (UNDP) estimates that India loses $2 billion a socio-economic class because of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S.45 Indian students going abroad for their higher studies costs India a foreign exchange outflow of $10 billion annually. Our country is piecemeal being deprived of its intellectual capacity.Brain drain is also regarded as an economic cost, since emigrants usually take with them the fraction of value of their training sponsored by the g everyplacenment. Our nation, if this continues, will be rendered intellectually impoverished and impotent. This, in turn, is leading to a great loss of National wealth. But, have we ever thought of the reasons behind such a great movement of brain outside the country?Like always, we prefer to harp upon the problems rather than find a solution. Why does India, a great and exacting nation in Asia, have to face such a grave and serious problem? Why is our youth allured by the stranger meadows and horizons? Why do they prefer to work hard and be honest there, instead of here?The first answer to this problem is that we have.. no plans to return to India. The reasons arent hard to vocalise a handsomely paying job in a great professional environment. But, Bandyopadhya, isnt alone who has decided to stay back in the US.In fact, he is just one among 94.8 percent of Indians who study abroad to earn doctorates in science, engineering, and health and dont return home according to a look into study released in October 2012 by Wan-Ying Chang and Lynn M. Milan of the National recognition Foundation. The study, if anything, is latest evidence that brain drain isnt stemming, something over which our policymakers must ponder on the occasion of National Science Day.In 2010, India with an estimated stock of 11.4 million emigra nts was only second to Mexico (11.9 million) as a source of immigrants, according to a research paper, Indian Human Resources Mobility Brain drain versus Brain gain published in 2012. India and the Philippines supply most foreign-trained doctors and nurses to the English-speaking countries within The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).Citing privation of growth opportunities in the country, Dr. Sudeshna Mitra, assistant professor at IIT Kharagpur points, It is true that a lot of improvement has been made at the infrastructure level over the past ten years but if we compare it with the developed countries of the world, it is still not up to the mark, accordingly it will be really difficult on our part to s put across ambitious people leaving the country.Brain-drain works both within and outside the country. Dr. Arvind Agrawal, professor at Department of Sociology, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, says, There are two kinds of brain drain going on in the country. The first is the internal and the second is the external. As far as the internal brain drain is concerned, it is mostly confined to the states. A state like Rajasthan which has to its credit a list of many good schools but lacks good English medium colleges, hence students after completing their school education move out to big cities and ultimately get settled there.Both internal and external brain-drain point to lack of opportunities.External brain drain is defined as one when students move out of the country for higher education and settle there permanently, further explains Dr. Agrawal.As per the Thomson Reuters story 2012, Indias share in global research output is about 3.5 per cent. Indias largest global share of publications was in the field of Chemistry (6.5 percent) followed by Materials Science (6.4 percent), Agricultural Sciences (6.2 percent), Pharmacology Toxicology (6.1 percent) while the relative share in the field of Physics and Engineering was 4.6 pe rcent and 4.2 percent respectively. One of the most affected sectors is contractable engineering and biotechnology which copes with shortages of junior staff, as approximately 90 percent of post-graduates in this field go to the US after completion of their studies in India.The smell of a nations higher education vests in the research and development, which in Indias case also is an area of concern and a major(ip) factor for brain drain. Concurring with the above, S. R. Ahlawat, professor at Department of Sociology, M.D University, says, We have not been able to provide the right kind of research environment in which the students can really contribute to enhance their knowledge.India with 68,000 students in 2009 accounted for the largest number of foreign students in the area of Science and Engineering in United States, followed by mainland China with 54 000 students according to the Indian Human Resources Mobility Brain drain versus Brain gain research paper.Developed countries p rovide good environment and easy handiness to quality of life which provokes people to get settled there permanently, warns Ahlawat at M.D University.Indian Universities have by and large failed to figure in the list of top 200 educational institutions of the world according to the QS World UniversityRankings for 2012. The Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) rankings the most reputed global rankings of institutes for higher education had featured IIT-Bombay in 2010 which was ranked 187, but dropped to 227 in 2012.highlight the solutions to overcome the scenario, Dr. Agrawal at Central University of Himachal Pradesh, says, Most of the state universities are run on political interference which acts as a hindrance in the growth of these institutions, hence it is a high time that there should be a semblance of order and growth and the prime focus should be to promote raw material and fundamental research to save the quality.

Entrepreneurship And Selling Essay Example for Free

Entrepreneurship And Selling Essay1.0 IntroductionThere atomic calculate 18 various types of etiolated coffee bean ar selling in the market currently. Therefore, I would like to sh argon about my new brand of white coffee, Fah Sin white coffee. As we all know, this industriousness in Malaysia is well cognise, with unalike brands such as Old Town White Coffee, Nescafe White Coffee, Ipoh White Coffee and so m whatsoever opposites. For this product that I am about to share, is it fully owned by myself. Therefore, this is a fully sole-proprietor company. Before we go any further, let us sapidity done the history of white coffee. White Coffee is a native product of Malaysia. Malaysia Origin White Coffee is made of well-chosen Liberica, Arabica and Robusta coffee beans and premium skim milk, processing in mild low-temperature baking and special process to remove the bitter and sulkiness taste ca theatrical office by high-temperature grilled, and minimize the caffeine, bit terness and sourness to the lowest without any additives added, outstanding aroma, gentle to stomach and retain the original color and flavor of coffee, the color is more than softer than the regular coffee, light golden yellow with pure Hellenic taste.The white coffee is a unique coffee drinks in Malaysia with about 100 years of history. White coffee doesnt mean the color of coffee is white it is made of well-chosen Liberica, Arabice and Robusta coffee beans, baking without caramel at direct low-temperature which takes 2.5 times longer than the high-temperature charcoal baking, and grind into coffee powder. It removes the scorch and sour taste cause by common high temperature fried and charcoal roasted, but retains the natural flavor and rich aroma of the coffee, memorable fragrant and smoothness. sonant to stomach, do not get inflamed, low caffeine, pure mild quality, suits the requirements for modern taste of life with outstanding aroma.2.0 General Macro Environment Elements. Entrepreneurship bear be defined as the method of utilizing ones individual creativity and inventiveness to bring in qualifys to an already existing art or to instill a new military control with a view to developing and expanding it and make it an economically profitable gamble. To en indisputable that this new product could create a achiever and a new rival to the public, we hurt to study the ventures of environment assessment. The following diagram provides a clearer vision of the important parts of the assessment.As an entrepreneur, we have to look closely at the factors that is surrounding in our society, in order to achieve the target sales that we plan. The macro environments include the major forces that act not solitary(prenominal) on the firm itself, but in addition on its competitors and on elements in the small-environment. The macro-environment tends to be harder to influence than does the micro-environment, but this does not mean that firms must simply han g in passive the inability to control does not imply an inability to influence. Often the macro-environment can be influenced by good public relations activities. The main elements of the macro-environment are known as PEST, which meansP Political and Legislation.E EconomyS Socio-CulturalT Technology2.1 Political and Legislation Political factors often impact on business recent examples are the worldwide movement towards privatization of former government-owned utilities and businesses, and the shift away from protection of workers rights. Firms need to be able to respond to the ordinary political climate, and adjust the marketing policy accordingly. For example, British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom and Telstra of Australia have all had to make major readjustments to their marketing approaches since being privatized, and in particular since seeing an upswing in competitive levels. Almost all the firms activities have been affected, from cutting the lead time between ordering and obtaining a new telephone, through to price competition in response to competitors cut-price long-distance and international calls. British Telecom was the UKs fifth biggest spender on advertising during 2003.This segment is the arena in which different interest groups compete for attention and resources. This is where I can exercise my political power by obeying and adhere to the policy, economy and regulations on how the business operates. There are 2 types of issue which we need to consider, which is the global issues and the national issues. As for my company, I provide only need to observe the national issues, where taxation and regulations are more important. The reason is because the impact of taxation on business operations can reduce the cash available for business ventures to invest while some taxes are favorable to only certain business and disadvantageous to others.2.2 Economy Economic factors encompass such areas as the boom/bust cycle, and the growth in unemployment in some parts of the country as a result of the closing of traditional industries. Macro-economic factors deal with the management of demand in the thrift the main mechanisms governments use for this are interest rate controls, taxation policy and government expenditure. If the government increases expenditure (or reduces taxation), there will be more money in the economy and demand will rise if taxation is increased (or expenditure cut), there will be less money for consumers to spend, so demand will shrink. Rises in interest rates tend to reduce demand, as home loans become more expensive and credit card charges rise. This factor plays a vital role in the success or failure of a new business. As an entrepreneur, we need to analyze this factor at the global, national and local levels. Meanwhile, we must withal scan, supervise, forecast and assess the macroeconomic factors that can affect the new business.2.3 Socio-Cultural This factor consists of two major related aspects 2.3. 1 Demographic changes It happens due to changes in the cosmos, ethnic groups, and population structures according to age, gender, geographical location, and their income. These elements will clearly provide the data of consumers demand, buying power and industrial capacity. We need to assess these changes in order to identify our business opportunities. Demographic changes can have major effects on companies the declining birth rate in most Western countries has an obvious effect on sales of baby products, but will eventually have an effect on the provision of state pensions as the retired have to be supported by an ever-shrinking number of people of operative age. Likewise, changes in the ethnic composition of cities or in the population concentration (with few people living in the city centers of wide-ranging cities) cause changes in the demand for local services and retailers, and (more subtly) changes in the type of goods and services demanded.2.3.2 Social trends This relat e to the lifestyle of a person. We also need to monitor the lifestyle changes in order to identify business opportunities. But yet, as an entrepreneur, we also need to forecast and assess the meaning of changes for our business by flavour at their own self-interest. 2.4 Technology This is also a vital factor for a new venture through product development and commercialization. Technological change happens in two forms 2.4.1 Pure Invention This refers to the creation of something new that is different from existing technology or product. Normally it has economic value and has no competitors at initial stages and it is often monopoly by individual. But there will be no market at the early stage. On the other hand, new inventions can create new markets and opportunities for business. For example, the invention of semiconductors created business opportunities in computers and mobile phones. 2.4.2 Process Innovation This refers to the small changes in design, product formulation and m anufacturing, materials and distribution. Scanning and monitoring changes in technology are not easy tasks due to information is not easily available.3.0 Elements of Macro Environment That Affects Our Organization. At the very beginning, we have look through all the major factors or the macro environment elements. Can we discover what the factors that might affect our new business are? We have to collect more information and data before we can launch a new product and to do researches about our countrys current situation. 3.1 -Political and Legislation Malaysia is a peaceful country. We have no wars compared to other countries like Israel or Pakistan. We have also many types of ethnic in Malaysia, where we have malay, chinese, Indian, kadazan and so many others. Our legislation is controlled by our ruling government and we always live in peace and harmony. 3.2 -Economy Malaysia economy is growing rapidly, with many overseas investors and also new ventures. This increased the operat ive opportunities and the average income of a local scholar is RM 1800.00 RM 2500.00, and therefore this will also help to increase the buying power.3.3 -Socio-Cultural If we look closely to the lifestyle of the working adults, we are always busy and always looking for something instant to eat or drink during in the office. Therefore, our new white coffee is very convenient and adequate for working adults as it is a 3 in 1 coffee packet. Drinking coffee also consider as a culture to working adults, to boost up their stamina while at work. 3.4 Technology As for this white coffee, we have our very own research and development team. We are also planning to add in other herbal plants into this white coffee as an additive ingredients so that our coffee will taste fail compared to other brand. Entrepreneurship, as discussed earlier, comprises of all the aspects of the new venture and the entrepreneur can face challenges from all of them.For instances, the finances for the enterprise h as to be calculated, planned, accessed and distributed according to the project plan. For start-up ventures, the establishment and radix costs will be high initially and an interval has to be allowed for the profits to show up in the accounts. The necessary permits, licenses and governmental procedures for starting the venture have to be procured in time for starting the production. Hiring of adequately skilled employees, building a strong sales-force, building a relationship with the consumers by getting to know their needs and satisfying these needs at a fair price, and satisfying the investors by turning into a profitable venture as in short as possible are also challenges that the entrepreneur has to learn to handle effectively and efficiently.4.0 Micro-Economic Factors.Micro-economic factors are to do with the way people spend their incomes. As incomes have risen over the past 40 years or so, the average standard of living has risen, and spending patterns have altered drastic ally. The proportion of income spent on food and housing has fallen, whereas the proportion spent on entertainment and clothing has risen. entropyrmation on the economy is widely publicized, and marketers make use of this information to foresee what is likely to happen to their clients and to demand for their products. Micro environment factors are factors close to a business that have a direct impact on its business operations and success. Before deciding corporate strategy businesses should carry out a full analysis of their micro environment. In this assignment, we discuss common micro environment factors. 4.1 Customers As all businesses need customers, they should be Centred (Orientated) around customers. The firms marketing plan should aim to attract and retain customers through products that go throughs their wants and needs and excellent customer service.4.2 Suppliers Suppliers provide businesses with the materials they need to carry out their business activities. A supp liers carriage will directly impact the business it supplies. For example if a supplier provides a poor service this could increase timescales or product quality. An increase in raw material prices will affect an organizations Marketing jumble strategy and may even force price increases. Close supplier relationships are an effective way to remain competitive and secure quality products. 4.3 Competitors The see of the game in marketing is differentiation. Can the organization offer benefits that are better than those offered by competitors? Does the business have a unique selling crest (USP)? Competitor analysis and monitoring is crucial if an organization is to maintain or improve its position within the market. If a business is unaware of its competitors activities they will scram it very difficult to beat their competitors. The market can move very quickly for example through a change in trading conditions, consumer behavior or technological developments. As a business it is important to examine competitors responses to these changes so that you can maximize the impact of your response.4.4 Financial Institutions In Malaysia, we have SME intrust as our financial-aid. An organization, which may be either for-profit or non-profit, that takes money from clients and places it in any of a variety of investment vehicles for the benefit of both the client and the organization. SME Info provides the latest information, industry news and updates about the Small to Medium Enterprise segments in Malaysia. The portal also provides insights and latest news on government announcements, industry trends and available financing and training programmes for SMEs. Various developmental aspects for SMEs in Malaysia that the portal provides includes advisory services, financing options, training programmes, business networking and matching, and further industry events organized by the government and private sectors. SME Info is run by Bank Negara (The National Reserve Bank of Malaysia), where they play host as the Secretariat to the National SME developing Council.4.5 Non-Government Organization This organization could provide useful information and advices to new entrepreneurs. FOMCA Federation of Malaysian Consumers Associations (Gabungan Persatuan-Persatuan Pengguna Malaysia) For example, we have a very active consumer association in Malaysia which is known as Persatuan Pengguna Pulau Pinang. They are a very active group which protects all the consumers in Malaysia. 4.6 Government Agencies -In Malaysia, we have many local authority that control a new establishment of a company. For example, Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM), JAKIM, and many others. Therefore, in Seremban, we need to deal with Majlis Perbandaran Seremban (MPS) in order to obtain our license.5.0 SummaryAfter looking at all the major criteria in order to achieve success for my new venture in this white coffee business, I am very sure that we can implement all the macro enviro nment factors which we discussed earlier. It will not only help us to improve our sales in order to meet our sales goal, but can also expand my venture to overseas and maybe international. Therefore, we need to improve our technology, which is our Research and Development sector to produce better quality of the product. A good product will also ensure our consumer to achieve maximum satisfaction. With good impressions from our consumers, I believe our new product will gain a great impact to the society.

Conflicts Caused by Differences among Groups Essay Example for Free

Conflicts Caused by Differences among Groups EssayConflicts Caused by Differences among Groups Throughout history differences among groups have often guide to conflict. Two special(prenominal) conflicts were the persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire and the Armenian debacles. These two conflicts were caused by differences among groups. The persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire was caused by differences in religion. In 1914 the conflict between the Turks and the Armenians led to the Armenian massacre which was caused by political differences. The persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire was caused by differences in religion. The Roman Empire was quite tolerant in its treatment of other religions. The imperial policy was commandly one of incorporation the local gods of a newly conquered area were simply added to the Roman pantheon and often given Roman names. Even the Jews, with their one god, were tolerated. For the Romans, religion was firs t and foremost a social activity that promoted unity and loyalty to the state, a religious attitude the Romans called pietas, or piety. Cicero wrote that if piety in the Roman guts were to disappear, social unity and justice would perish along with it. The Roman distaste for Christianity then, arose in large part from its sense that it was bad for society.The effect of this conflict was that it led to the persecution of Christians. Secondly, the Armenian massacre was another conflict that happened because of differences among groups. In 1914, the Turks entered World War I on the side of Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Military leaders began to argue that the Armenians were traitors. If they thought they could bring forward independence the Armenians would be eager to fight for the enemy. As the war intensified Armenians organized volunteer battalions to help the Russian army fight against the Turks in the Caucasus region. These events and general Turkish suspicion of the Armenian people led the Turkish government to push for the removal of the Armenians from the war zones along the Eastern Front. On April 24, 1915, the Armenian race murder began. That day the Turkish government arrested and executed several hundred Armenian intellectuals. After that ordinary Armenians were turned out of their homes and sent on death confines through the Mesopotamian desert without food or water. Frequently, the marchers were stripped naked and forced to walk under the scorching sun until they dropped dead. People who stopped to rest were shot. In conclusion, differences among groups haveoften led to conflicts. Two main conflicts were the persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire, which was caused by differences in religion, and the Armenian massacre, which was caused by political differences

Internet Has Changed Peoples Lifestyle Marketing Essay

Internet Has Changed Peoples Lifestyle Marketing EssayIntroductionThe telephone took four decades to reach 50 million people The Internet has managed this at bottom four years as digital technologies provide such efficient billets for business and consumer interaction transactionsThe Internet has changed people lifestyle it became away of people daily life. They use internet to replace their common activities such as E-mail sort of of writing letter, MSN chat and Skype instead of exploitation telephone, YouTube instead of watching TV. in that locationfore, many organisations tried to use Internet as a new way to reach their guests which called E-marketing. E-marketing is a new marketing st rollgy victimisation to reach many consumers at low cost. It keep be apply to interact with customer 24hrs a day, 7days a week without any additional cost. Consumer place get in deflectation about harvest-magazines any times, any places. According to Seock and Norton (2007), consumer channel choices for shopping had been widened because of diffusion of the Internet ca apply everything that happens to sales in electronic form or what it currentized as online shopping. 84 per cent of global consumers have experience get over the internet (Nielsen, 2008).Number of Siameses internet usage rate is increasing everyday. There are many internet service providers offer high speed internet. Most of Thais are familiar with using internet in playing game, social ne twainrk like Facebook, twitter but number of online purchasing is very low. Comparing between European and Western to Thai, the number of online purchasing is very different. Online purchasing is still very limited for Thais. They are not familiar with buying things online. Thai consumers love to see and touch and feel the product before making any purchasing decision. With brand touch product, consumers seem to have a high interlocking because its impossible for them to buy without seeing the real product. They also have very limited knowledge to buy thing online as they are afraid to share important information online such as their bank account, thither personal data or their credit bill poster number. At the same time, the number of Thai website that offers online service is very rare. Therefore there is opportunity to introduce this service for Thais. This check into attempts at learning why Thais consumer do not want to buying brand mention online.The aim of this research is to learn what Thai consumer perception toward buying brand name online is and what factors effect their decision making. What Thai consumers characteristic farm a brand name online shopping.The knowledge do principal(prenominal) of this research go out focus mainly on Thai consumers in Thailand.The research objective bequeath be divided into five main areasTo investigate Thai consumer buying making decision toward online shopping.To investigate Thai consumers experience on shopping online.To investigat e Thai consumers perception toward buying brand name online.To identify the most important factors in the buying decision making on online shopping in ThailandTo investigate Thai consumer demographic characteristic who develop online shopping.In research methodology, we will try to achieve the objective by using quantitative research through online psychenaire. The result of research will ease police detective in order to achieve the objective that has been set and help us to determine Thai consumer behavior and perception toward buying online.Literature check overIn this part, the researcher would like to divide into two parts The first part will explain a character of consumer behavior towards high involvement such as buying brand name product, what factors effect them to buy online, and consumers perception toward brand.The second part will clarify the characteristic of online marketing in Thailand.InvolvementSome products, such as high-performance car seem inherently involv ing because of their complexity, risk and cost, while others, such as toothpaste seem uninvolving by affinity because of their familiarity, low risk and low costLaakasonen (1994)Therefore, buying brand name online is like a high-performance car because is too complex (untouchable product) and risky (fake product), this will make consumer spend more than time in order to search information before making a decision. Moreover, a consumers level of involvement depends on their individual interests, value of products, needs, which attract or motivate them. Involvement is commonly defined as the consumers personal interest in buying or using an item from a given product field, an approach which nicely summarizes the personal, product and situational components of the relationship (Evan et al,. 2009).FactorCustomer joy seems to be a mainstay major to influence consumer-buying decision. Customer satisfaction abide be the most important reason for customers deciding to make a repeat pu rchase, and telling their friends about their satisfaction (Palmer 2000). If online shop can make customers believed that their shop has good quality product, secure, and friendly, this would help their shop gain more new customers. Not only online shops give customer a good quality product, but they should also give them equity. Oliver (1997) defined equity as a fairness, rightness or deservingness judgment that consumers make in reference to what others receive it is also considered as an important determinant of satisfaction. With these product quality and equity, this would make customers satisfy and motivate them to make a repurchase. inciterBrand image seems to be an important for online market area because brand helps consumer make buying decision and it creates a credibility of online shop. Rio del B. et al. (2001) defined brand as the set of associations and behaviors on the part of a brands customers, channel members and that gives that brand a strong, sustainable, and dif ferential advantage over competitors. In Thailand, the customers perception toward brand product equalize to high price, which in turn dampens their willingness to make decision toward buying brand name online.Online marketIt seems to be that now the market channel has been classified into two main channels that are online channels and offline channels or we called traditional channels. Offline channels, consumers reduce of risk on shopping because they can have a natural interaction with products, when compared to online channels. According to Brown et al. (2003), Whilst shopping online allows the exchanging of value and product by using computer as a medium of transaction transference.In Thailand, it seems to be that now Thai consumers still like to buy products from offline channel or in shopping mall due to online channel still do not have a good credibility. Thai online retailer should have to create credibility and trust to consumer in order to make them believe that Thai o nline channel is secure (Mict 2010). It seems to be that in Thailand, many of online retailers seem not to register for doing their business compare to Western country. Moreover, Thailand online payment still unsecure, this make Thai online consumers do not want to take risk on payment that is why they prefer to touch and see product before making buying decision. The key concerns that consumers have over the online purchasing trends are security of the privacy or monetary which relatively unsecure once online payment has been made, such as credit card fraud (Harridge 2006). Moreover, Roman and Cuestas (2008) stated that security on online transaction is need to be strict as to gain trust in the mind of shoppers regarding their online financial transaction made with the site will be safe form unauthorized access.Research QuestionThis research has focused on four main research questions as followsWho are online stores target customers in Thailand?What is the perception of Thai custo mers toward online shopping?What factors affect Thai consumers purchasing decisions?Which is the most important factor that influences Thai consumers purchasing brand name online?Research MethodResearch method helps online retailer know which strategies they should use to influence consumer buying decision. Research method can be classified into two types that are Quantitative research and Qualitative research. Both of them have different pros and cons, which researcher will discuss more in detail later on.Data can be hive awayed in variety of ways, in different settings-field or lab-and from different sources. Choosing methodology is up to what paradigms the researcher adopts. There are two main paradigms or philosophies, which are positivist and phenomological (Collis and Hussey, 2003). The alternative terms for positivist are quantitative, objectivist, experimentalist, and traditionalist. The other terms for phenomenological are qualitative, subjectivist, humanistic, and interpr evist. There are several data seeion methods, each with their own advantage and disadvantages.The research method that researcher will use is Quantitative research, focusing on the survey method. Now, researcher should think about what types of questionnaire should be used, such as mail questionnaire, electronic questionnaire, and personal questionnaire. In this report, due to time limitation, it seems to be that the used of electronic questionnaire or online questionnaire will be more suitable and take less time, cost, and can expand very quickly in order to collect data than other quantitative research.After researcher has chosen a specific method, researcher will make a questionnaire by using airplane pilot test in to make sure that all questions can be understand by respondent. If questionnaires have any errors or respondents hard to understand, researcher can improve before using to the target audiences.Researcher has specific target to make a research that is a Thai consumer age between 18 and 35 years old and compare between teenager (18-27) and middle age (28-35). A sample size that researcher expect to have is lower limit 100 respondents, the questionnaire will be distributed through email and social networks to 200 respondent who have use internet.In order to make data collection, we will use both particular(a) and secondary data. The secondary data will used on book, journal, article, and commercial online database provide from the website (Mintel, or Google Shcolar). Website offering information for a fee, almost every industry association, government agency, business publication, and news medium offers free information to those tenacious enough to find their website (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). The use of secondary provides a good start for research and define problem and objective. This helps researcher in order to find an objective for consumer buying decision and perception toward online brand name in Thailand. Secondary data helps research er to better understand and indicated what has been missing form the current online business in Thailand. Moreover, it helps researcher to develop hypotheses and objective of the study.For primary data, a survey research has been chosen as a method of conducting a research, because survey was available to large number of population. As a time limitation, using questionnaire can help researcher keep time and cost.After we already collect data from questionnaire, then we can identify that questionnaire is validity, reliability, and genalisability or not. barrierThere might have some limitations when make a research, due to limit of time and budget cost. Moreover, the respondents are required to have a computer access to be able to take part in this research.DiscussionTo sum up, researcher believed that this research will help us to know more about Thai consumers behavior and perception toward online brand name store. The use of secondary data helps researcher can set a research quest ion in order to collect a primary data. However, researcher has to select which research method would like to use in order to collect primary data. As a result, a good method in this report is Quantitative research by using questionnaire to collect primary data. By using questionnaire, it will help researcher to collect data and can analyses about Thai consumers. Due to time limitation of research, the used of questionnaire will helps us to save cost and time. The questionnaire has been sent to 200 via e-mail and social network in order to collect minimum 100 respondents. Researcher believed that the primary data that we collect can help to do finding and analyses on Thai consumers buying behavior and perception toward online brand name. Moreover, to learn more what factor can influence Thai consumer in order to purchase brand name online.

Concepts and Determinants of Health

Concepts and Determinants of HealthRonald M. VeranoIntroductionHealth is very important in every tender-hearted be. In every nation, private and non-private vault of heavens put extensive efforts to maintain the welf ar of the community. They brace critically planned strategies to address a health issue or problem. Strategies tail end be health interventions or policies. Policies takes a longer period of time to be formulated and adapted to the society. There ar heaps of factors that crumb make an impact, directly or indirectly, to the policy-making procedures. upstart Zealand has prioritize health over the past several years. They have been formulating policies to maintain and promote health among New Zealanders and policies to address the health issue the country is still facing. There ar several factors that go all together to affect the health of the community. Such factors include, the places where they live, their environment they are used to, it could besides be the ir genetics, income, employment and even their relationship with their families and friends. These factors that affect the individuals health are called determinants.Demographic Distribution of existenceA country consists of urban and rural areas. These areas differ from each other in terms of the community, environment and certain situations about health. In urban areas, most(prenominal) population are modernized than that of the rural. Urban is also considered the cities where lots of buildings and facilities are existence established. People in terms of availability of healthcare facilities such as clinics and hospitals are most likely to access and are privileged to obtain checkup help. On unmatchable hand, rural areas which are kn receive to be in the countryside or provincial areas, where buildings and facilities are less likely to be seen, have poor access to health. Sometimes they even seek medical help if their teach is already worst and fatal. Hospitals are non acc essible that could resort people to choose non to seek medical help. There is disparity between the urban and rural when it comes to healthcare access and distribution. Aside from the facilities, in that location is lack of resources in rural areas, such resources include medicines, diagnostics, and even health care providers. policy-making setPolitical set make how people think and react to information. These people are encouraged to see the credibility of the message of such information fit to the beliefs and values instilled to them. Some messages can convey a threat to these people that is why they become resistant to the policies and advocacy being presented to them. This can make them non interested with the policy and thus participation is not possible. Health communication messages, such as advocacies and policies, may trigger a person to react positively and negatively to it. Policies that are against ones belief can lead to resistance of the individual, especially to those people who value their beliefs in a higher state. This can influence the process of policy in the making. Government agencies should also partake in addressing this problem. Government officials are representatives of the people and people chose them to lead them. These officials should be fairly and honest, they should focused on issues affecting the people, health being one of the priorities of the nation.religious beliefsSimilar with political values, religions instill beliefs that make a persons being. Religious beliefs guide people of what is right and wrong, of what to do and not to do. For instance in few countries, there is an issue of overpopulation. Other problems can occur such as abortion. In order for the government to solve this problem they resort to a policy which highly favors contraception. As some religions are pro- support, they believe the policy get outing be against to their belief, chances are they would agree to the policy making it possible to h appen.Human ValuesHuman values include compassion, respect for others, commitment, etc. These human values shape the persons perception towards health. If people are being committed to stay and become sizable, then policies pertaining to health are of their interest. But some people, although they are concern about their health, lacks the discipline to stay ethical for you(p). And still believe that health is being free from any illness.Ethnicity and traditionsEthnicity is the persons identity. It also involves beliefs and traditions that one belongs to. Same sort with the religious beliefs and human values of an individual. If an individual has his own set of values to guide them. If a policy is believed to be against their practices and traditions, they will oppose eventually.The concept of public to healthHealth as perceived by many people is the absence of a indisposition. Many people think that they are healthy because they dont feel any pain or discomfort or simply physic al symptoms. But health is not vertical the absence of any pain or discomfort or disease, it is more than that. This is the common misconception of mostly people. Health is the complete condition of physical, emotional, intellectual and mental being of a person. This attitudes could affect the process of policy in the making. In the planning phase, for instance, obtaining information would be very difficult to accomplish if people will not manoeuvre or participate. Same thing with the implementation phase, there is a need for people to participate. If their perception of themselves are healthy even though they are not, they wont be participating in those activities because they think the policies are not for them.The concept of public to illness infirmity is viewed in different ways. It is the own feeling perceive by a person. It is the judgement of the person to its body if he feels healthy or unhealthy. Some people think they are healthy being free from a physical illness. For e xample, a person who is deemed fit, has no illness at all but is suffering from depression. He can abnegate that he is not ill but the fact that he is suffering mentally or emotionally cannot be taken for granted. People need to get wind that illness is not just a symptom of a physical discomfort or pain felt in some parts of the body. Illness is associated with mental, emotional and intellectual being.Importance the public on healthIt is very important for people to value their health. Health reflects the condition of the nation. It is similar to a family is considered healthy if all of its members are healthy. A country is considered healthy if the larger proportion of its society are healthy. If majority of the society neglects the importance of health to them, then participating participation in promoting health and preventing diseases from spreading will not be accomplish. People need to have sensory faculty, creating awareness will help people engage to activities and event ually in the policies. It is important to know that they have an idea of what health and illness is about. That these two will affect their well-being.Public Attitudes towards health and medical professionalsAttitudes reflects the way people behave. It would depend on their beliefs being instilled to them. It is similar to children learn how to read in a different way while they were in school. Attitudes make a person who he is. When it comes to health, they view it in a different manner. For example, issues on obesity. Some obese people are aware the complications they might have of being obese, others believe it is beauty because they were used to their customs that being overweight is attractive, without knowing the complications they might acquire due to being obese. On a lighter side, there are people who values their health and has the discipline of maintaining a healthy state.Meanwhile, people have also different views and perception about health and medical professionals. So me may fear them thinking that seeking medical help will only worsen their condition. Some may have the impression that these professionals arent competent enough that they would choose not to ask for help. Culture, norms and beliefs has also something to do with their attitudes towards these health care providers.There are many factors that may influence, directly or indirectly, the process of policy-making, particularly in New Zealand context. New Zealand has focused their policies in maintaining the healthy state of its members of the society and has made efforts in acquiring such improvements over the years. But still, there are factors to consider that could influence the policy-making procedures in either positive or negative manner. Such factors are identified as social, economic and personal. What is important is that the government and non-government sectors takes part on recognizing these factors and tries to address and resolve the issue.Most New Zealanders have originate d from different cultures. Cultures have distinct beliefs and practices, this make a person belong to a certain culture. A lot of times, policies are intended for most people but not all of them will have the chance to benefit on the policy. There are policies that are not culturally intended which makes other cultures to adapt easily, or others to totally adapt at all. There is also racial discrimination among these cultures therefore fair access to health is not feasible. In addition, people with higher status in life are most likely to access health services and facilities than that of the poorer ones. Thus policies should be customized with every individual regardless of his status in the society.Poverty has also a greater impact on health policy-making. Poverty can be associated with many things such as lack of participation of people, lack of awareness when an epidemic is present in the community. People dont have the enough resources to make their needs, not enough money to purchase medicines in flake they get sick. For example, a policy involving contraception will not be effective on people living in poorer areas, because they cant afford to purchase pills that can be a bit expensive or that their health centres dont have enough supplies to give to these people.Awareness to people is important. It can make the person acquire knowledge on his environment. A clear example of this is when an outbreak strikes, people can help in preventing this if they are aware of the disease that has infected them, its cause and the measures needed to confine and reduce the spread of this disease. In contrast, people who are not keen on the disease may even help to spread the disease. Although efforts have been made, with people who are not knowledgeable enough would worsen the situation.In conclusion, all of these factors are not to be taken for granted. This can influence the effectiveness of the whole process of making such policies in a positive or negative way. T he purpose here is to acknowledge these factors, find solutions to address them in order for policies to become adaptive to the society. Each country must have a government sector and its society that will work hand in hand to maintain the optimum level of each individuals well-being. They should both aim for the good of its people. Policies are made to guide the people, to give them a sense of a unified direction. Policies are also made to address an existing problem. Its effectiveness will depend on the belief that is instilled in him. People usually make a reaction message the way he perceives it. It is the values that makes the person to take aim or resist the policy that is to be implemented.BibliographyWorld Health Organization (2014). Determinants of Health. Health Impact Assessment. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from http//www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en/J. Capella et.al. (2014). Political Values Influence Peoples Response to Health Disparity Message. Press Releases. Retrieve d December 3, 2014 from https//www.asc.upenn.edu/news-events/press-releases/political-values-influence-peoples-response-health-disparities-messagesEgton Medical Information System Limited (2014). Ethnic Matters. nonrecreational References. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/ethnic-mattersOxford University Press (2014). Definition Attitude. British and World English. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from http//www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/attitude

Anorexia Nervosa: Causes and Treatments

Anorexia Nervosa Causes and Tr runmentsAbigail GallacherProblem Too many teenagers be becoming anorectic.Question What argon researchers doing to pr purget it?Introduction.Anorexia nervosa is a huge expose among men and women of all ages. Anorexia Nervosa, or anorexia for short, is a disease that too many stack get. There are a wide range of reasons wherefore people may become anorexic. Anorexia nervosa normally occurs during puberty, and occurs in more females than in males, just now some males do have anorexia too. There are two typewrites of anorexia. One type is linked to anformer(a) common eating disease called Bulimia, where a person pull up stakes binge eat and thence throw up afterwards to estimate and get rid of it. The second type is restricting yourself comp allowely of food. It is the obsessive fear of gaining weight, and so individuals will evaluate to control their body weight by starvation, purging, vomiting, excessive exercise, and the use of diet pills.Anor exia nervosa is a biological issue, and there are many of biological reasons behind it. Research gives us reason to believe that anorexia nervosa is lots inherited, and can often run in families. Recent research suggests that inherited and biological factors increase a persons chance of becoming anorexic by 55%, and a teenage female who has a sibling or parent/guardian with anorexia are twelve times more wish wellly to become anorexic themselves. Also, studies show that identical twins have a higher chance of becoming anorexic. This may because they are identical, but one could feel like the other is slimmer, prettier, taller, and a lot more things that teenage girls often think about, causing them to have major self esteem issues. Identical twins have a higher chance of becoming anorexic than fraternal twins or ordinary siblings. There is a brain structure called hypothalamus, which is the brain structure creditworthy for regulating eating disorders. Neurotransmitters carry a mes sage from cell to cell in the brain and queasy system. This transmitter affects binging behaviour in bulimics and anorexics. To meet the criteria of having anorexia, a persons body weight needs to be 85% less than what is expected. An estimated 53.7% of women will suffer from anorexia in their lifetimes.In August 2013, as many as 10 in 100 females in the US suffered with Anorexia, but figures are increasing all the time. The Guardian published an article on 30th January 2014 with the title ski tow in hospital admissions for young people with eating disorders, which says that the most common age for anorexics to be in hospital is 15 years old. It also says that in October 2013, there was an 8% rise in anorexics to be admitted to hospital. In The Independent on Sunday 16th November, it has an article named take disorders soar among teens and social media is to condemn. In this article, it says the number of children and teenagers seeking help for an eating disorder has risen by 1 10% over the last three years, which is shocking. ChildLine says it has received more than 10,500 calls from teenagers try from with food and weight-related anxiety in the past year. The rise in anorexia can be because of social media, school stress, self esteem issues, and the growth of celebrity culture.This represent shows that the highest percentage of people with anorexia is ages 16-20. The BBC news estimates that 165,000 people are suffering from anorexia and 10% of deaths are because of it. Children as young as three have been hospitalised with anorexia.Short experimental condition and long term effects of anorexiaThe short term effects of anorexia include malnutrition, weight loss, hair loss, dry skin, organ malfunction, dizziness, dehydration, easily blacking out, weakness, mental problems, modest heart rate, depression, low heart rate and low body temperature. The long term effects of anorexia are malnutrition, irregular heart beats, organ failure, depression and even suicide.So what are we trying to do about it?Scientists in the UK are examining the DNA in people with anorexia in the hope that they will understand why some people get the disorder and others do not. They believe there is a link between genetics and eating disorders, and they think they can try to predict who could be at risk. Researchers are trying to determine the impact of the brain, hormones, genetics and appetite control biology on people with anorexia. Researchers believe that the Alzheimers medicine may be used to prevent people from binge eating. Memantine, which is found in the drug, is also what the area in the brain which causes people to binge eat facilitates. According to Science daily, researchers used an experimental model to simulate binge eating behaviour, and they were able to identify the area of the brain associated with binge eating and then suppress the area by applying memantine directly to that area. There are some problems with this idea, however. If they think that taking memantine will reduce the risk of binge eating or anorexia, a person would have to eat before taking it, which is not what people with anorexia would wish to do. Scientists have looked at the environment, genetics, personalities and biochemistry in people with anorexia, but the more that is learned, the more complex it appears.To understand people with eating disorders, scientists are looking at the neuroendocrine system, which is a combination of the hormonal system and the central nervous system. This system regulates multiple functions of the mind and body. Many of these mechanisms are disturbed in people with anorexia. Scientists have been able to show that excess levels of cortisol in anorexia are caused by a problem in or near the hypothalamus.The ANITT (Anorexia Nervosa Intensive Treatment Team) service is a step below specialist in diligent reverence and a step above out diligent therapy. It is for people who may not need or benefit from inpatient care. T his programme includes group and individual therapy, dietetic and psychiatric therapy.The diagram above shows the criteria for ANITT and and the care plan and treatment services offered. I think the ANITT programme is a good idea and will help teenagers worst their problem because it works with the person, not against them, and the diagram shows them exactly hat to expect, so they know what is coming, and it also gives them another option besides becoming a patient in the hospital, which may scare the teenager and force them not to cooperate. At least, which this service, they get a choice.They will hope aboundingy work with the dietitian and become a stable weight. This will take time but when they are at a safe weight, it will gain trust between patient and dietitian. Then the patient will go to therapy for eighteen months, twice a week. After the eighteen months are over, the patient will go to reduced-intensity therapy for half dozen months, but it will not be as extreme. Afte r these two years are over, the patient will either be discharged, continue with another six to twelve months of therapy, or proceed to support treatment services. The patient will only be discharged if they want to or if they have achieved a full and good recovery. If the patient goes to support treatment services, they will be focusing on improving the quality of the patients life, physical and psychological risk management and gaining a good relationship with the team. This treatment is more flexible and varied than the others, which I think may appeal to patients. They also work with the patients to make realistic goals, and dower them overcome barriers, rather than working against the patients. The patients who used this programme said that the staff were supportive, and the care they received was brilliant. I think this programme is extremely effective because teenagers are not taken away from their families, which is brilliant because I think this is the time in a persons li fe that they need family the most, so taking them away will not improve the problem or benefit the child at all.According to the issue Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD) (1), almost 50% of people with anorexia meet the criteria for depression. solely 1 in 10 people with anorexia receive treatment, (2), and up to 24 million people in the ground forces suffer from an eating disorder, (3). According the the National Spectrum of have Disturbances, about 91% of surveyed women on a college campus have admitted to controlling their weight through dieting, (4). It says 95% of people with eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25, (5), which shows that it mostly occurs in teenagers, because of stress and eagerness to fit in. According to The National Institute of mental Health, women are much more likely to amaze an eating disorder than men, and only an estimated 5-15% of those who have an eating disorder are men, (6). According to The Renfew Centre foundation for eating disorders, the body image portrayed on television is something only 5% of people possess naturally, (7). I think all girls need to know this because they are extreme dieting to be like someone who is portrayed falsely. If they knew their idols real weight, rather than what they are seeing on television, I think there would be a lot less teenagers with anorexia, because concord to Prevention of Eating Problems with Elementary Children, 47% of girls in 5th-12th strain reported wanting to loose weight because of magazine pictures, (8), and according to IBID, 69% of girls in 5th-12th grade reported that magazine images influences their idea of a perfect body image, (9). This is why I think it is so important that the media should stop falsely portraying these actors and actresses and models, and let girls see what they are really like.Referenceshttp//www.anad.org/get-information/about-eating-disorders/eating-disorders-statistics/Characteristics and Treatment of P atients with Chronic Eating Disorders, by Dr. Greta Noordenbox, International Journal of Eating Disorders, Volume 10 15-29The Renfrew Center Foundation for Eating Disorders, Eating Disorders 101 Guide A Summary of Issues, Statistics and Resources, 2003Shisslak, C.M., Crago, M., Estes, L.S. (1995). The Spectrum of Eating Disturbances. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18 (3) 209-219Substance Abuse and Mental Health go Administration (SAMHSA), The Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), offices of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.7The National Institute of Mental Health Eating Disorders Facts About Eating Disorders and the Search for Solutions. Pub No. 01-4901. Accessed Feb. 2002.The Renfrew Center Foundation for Eating Disorders, Eating Disorders 101 Guide A Summary of Issues, Statistics and Resources, 2003Prevention of Eating Problems with Elementary Children, Michael Levine, USA Today, July 1998Ibid

The Bildungsroman and the Big Screen Essay -- Film

Abstract The female bildungsroman, also known as the bildungsromane, is known as a sub-genre of novel where the principle focus of the novel is the schooling of the protagonist. Literary critic M.H. Abrams defines the bildungsroman as, the development of the protagonists mind and pillowcase, as she passes from childhood through varied experiencesinto maturity and the recognition of her identity and role in the world. The character of Elizabeth Bennet from Jane Austens celebrated novel Pride and Prejudice is one such bildungsroman heroine. The reader is given insight into her psychological development as she matures over the words of the novel. She begins the novel as a clever, but somewhat immature character. While she initially revels in her powers of discernment, she later learns that she has allowed prejudice and her own pride to blind herself to reality. Her precept and maturity are the principal foci of the novel and the principle foci of film adaptations of the novel, as we ll. In order to illustrate this continuing emphasis on development, this paper discusses pertinent passages from the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. The paper also analyzes how three modern film adaptations deal with the maturation of Elizabeth Bennet-- focusing on the ways they allow the power of Austens coming-of-age narrative and its importance to the plot, independent of the courtship of Darcy and Elizabeth. The three modern adaptations analyzed within are as follows Pride & Prejudice (2005) say by Joe Wright, Bride & Prejudice (2004) directed by Gurinder Chadha, and Bridget Joness Diary (2001) directed by Sharon Maguire. Elizabeth Bennet overcomes many obstacles on her journey to adulthood. The most profound obsta... ...The Absent-Minded Heroine Or, Elizabeth Bennet Has a Thought. Eighteenth-Century Studies 39.3 (2006) 337-50. Project Muse. Web. 10 Apr. 2011.Labovitz, Esther Kleinbord. The Myth of the Heroine the Female Bildungsroman in the Twentieth Century. 2nd ed. New York Lang, 1988. Print.Leitch, Thomas M. Film Adaptation and Its Discontents From Gone with the Wind to The Passion of the Christ. Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins UP, 2009. Print.Leitch, Thomas M. Twelve Fallacies in Contemporary Adaptation Theory. Project MUSE. Johns Hopkins UP, Spring 2003. Web. 02 Feb. 2011.Pride & Prejudice. Dir. Joe Wright. Perf. Keira Knightly, Matthew Macfadyen, Rosamund Pike, Jena Malone. Studio Canal, 2005. DVD.Zacharek, Stephanie. Pride & Prejudice. Rev. of Pride & Prejudice (2005). Salon. Salon Media Group, 11 Nov. 2005. Web. 13 Apr. 2011. .